{"id":72,"date":"2022-01-01T16:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-01-01T16:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/software.prodesign387.com\/?p=72"},"modified":"2023-11-01T10:58:51","modified_gmt":"2023-11-01T10:58:51","slug":"cas1-uvod-u-mreze","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edu.prodesign387.com\/mreze\/2022\/01\/01\/cas1-uvod-u-mreze\/","title":{"rendered":"1. Uvod u mre\u017ee"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"72\" class=\"elementor elementor-72\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6f65950b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6f65950b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4cc34e53\" data-id=\"4cc34e53\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16a4f084 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16a4f084\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1>Definicije<\/h1><p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edu.prodesign387.com\/mreze\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/01\/\/how-to-network-two-computers.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"395\" height=\"99\" \/><\/p><p><strong>\u0160ta je to ra\u010dunarska mre\u017ea<\/strong><\/p><p>Ra\u010dunarsku mre\u017eu u osnovi \u010dine dva ra\u010dunara koja su povezana i dijele resurse me\u0111usobno.<\/p><p>Sastoji se iz dva aspekta: fizi\u010dki (kablovi, \u017eice, be\u017ei\u010dni mediji) i logi\u010dki (transfer podataka kroz fizi\u010dke medije).<\/p><p><strong>Prednosti kori\u0161tenja mre\u017ea<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Razmjena informacija (audio-video konferencije, e-mail &#8230;)<\/li><li>Dijeljenje resursa (file server, print server)<\/li><li>Dijeljenje aplikacija (cloud &#8211; npr. Facebook)<\/li><\/ul><h1>Za\u0161to pravimo mre\u017ee ?<\/h1><ul><li>Prije ra\u010dunarskih mre\u017ea, ljudi su slali informacije putem po\u0161te, \u0161to je bilo sporo i nepouzdano.<\/li><li>Ra\u010dunarske mre\u017ee omogu\u0107uju br\u017ee i efikasnije na\u010dine komunikacije: email, video konferencije, live eventi, obradu podataka. <em>Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning<\/em><\/li><li>Ra\u010dunarske mre\u017ee podr\u017eavaju backup podataka i podr\u0161ku za brzi oporavak u slu\u010daju pada i problema (po\u017ear, zemljotresi).<\/li><li>Ra\u010dunarske mre\u017ee \u0161tede novac iako su u osnovi skupe.<\/li><li>Ra\u010dunarske mre\u017ee imaju svoje protokole i standarde koji nam omogu\u0107avaju bolju efikasnost i sigurnost.<\/li><\/ul><h1>Fizi\u010dka i logi\u010dka topologija mre\u017ee<\/h1><p><strong>Fizi\u010dka topologija<\/strong><\/p><p>identifikuje lokaciju mre\u017enih ure\u0111aja, konfiguraciju portova i instalacija kablova.\u00a0<\/p><p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edu.prodesign387.com\/mreze\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/01\/\/5-1-12a.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"880\" height=\"765\" \/><\/p><p><strong>Logi\u010dka topologija<\/strong><\/p><p>identifikuje vrste ure\u0111aja, portove i IP adresiranje.<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edu.prodesign387.com\/mreze\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/01\/\/5-1-13.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"880\" height=\"545\" \/><\/p><h1>Vrste ra\u010dunarskih mre\u017ea<\/h1><h3><strong>Arhitektura<\/strong><\/h3><p><strong>Client server<\/strong><\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edu.prodesign387.com\/mreze\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/01\/\/Annotation-2020-01-06-132755.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"812\" height=\"538\" \/><\/p><p>&#8211; Sastoji se od klijenata i servera.<br \/>&#8211; Server pru\u017ea resurse a klijent ih dobavlja.<br \/>&#8211; Serveri imaju centralizovanu kontrolu nad mre\u017enih resursima (fajlovima, printerima, autentifikaciji).<\/p><p><em><strong>Prednosti:<\/strong> <\/em>centralizovani korisnici, sigurnost i kontrola pristupa radi jednostavnije mre\u017ene administracije.\u00a0<\/p><p><strong><em>Nedostaci: <\/em><\/strong>pad servera uti\u010de na dio mre\u017ee ili gubitak resursa. Kompleksni softveri koji zahtijevaju stru\u010dno osoblje. Skupocjen hardver i poseban softver uti\u010de na cijenu svega.<\/p><p><strong>Peer to peer (P2P)<\/strong><\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edu.prodesign387.com\/mreze\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/01\/\/Annotation-2020-01-06-140216.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"834\" height=\"580\" \/><\/p><p>&#8211; Svi kompjuteri su ravnopravni.<br \/>&#8211; Nema servera.<br \/>&#8211; Nema centralizovane kontrole.<br \/>&#8211; Svaki korisnik dijeli svoje resurse shodno potrebi.<br \/>&#8211; Svi ra\u010dunari na mre\u017ei se mogu pona\u0161ati kao klijent ili kao server.<\/p><p><em><strong>Prednosti:<\/strong>\u00a0<\/em>jednostavna za podesiti i konfigurirati, ne zahtijeva server, svaki korisnik pojedina\u010dno kontroli\u0161e svoje resurse, nije skupa za odr\u017eavanje, nisu potrebni administratori da bi odr\u017eavali mre\u017eu.<\/p><p><strong><em>Nedostaci: <\/em><\/strong>sigurnost se primjenuje na svaki resurs pojedina\u010dno, svaki resurs ima kontrolu autentifikacije, svaka ma\u0161ina pojedina\u010dno se mora backupovati da bi se za\u0161titili podaci, nema centralizacije da bi se vr\u0161ila kontrola pristupa podacima.<\/p><h3><strong>VELI\u010cINA<\/strong><\/h3><p><strong>LAN (Local area network) <\/strong><\/p><p>Odnosno \u201elokalne mre\u017ee\u201c, u kojima je razdaljina izme\u0111u ra\u010dunara relativno kratka (naprimjer, ra\u010dunari se nalaze u istoj kancelariji ili zgradi).<\/p><p><strong>MAN (Metropolitan area network)<\/strong><\/p><p>\u201emre\u017ee gradskog podru\u010dja\u201c. MAN mre\u017ee su puno manje od WAN mre\u017ea, ali ve\u0107e od LAN mre\u017ea te \u0107e MAN mre\u017ee uglavnom biti kori\u0161tenje za povezivanje dvije ili vi\u0161e LAN mre\u017ea, naprimjer u jednom gradu.<\/p><p><strong>WAN (Wide area network) <\/strong><\/p><p>Odnosno \u201emre\u017ee \u0161irokog podru\u010dja\u201c ili \u201eglobalne mre\u017ee\u201c su mre\u017ee koje pokrivaju veliku povr\u0161inu (naprimjer: gradove, regije, dr\u017eave ili \u010dak kontinente). Najpoznatija globalna mre\u017ea jeste Internet.\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>SAN (Storage area network) <\/strong><\/p><p>Ra\u010dunarska mre\u017ea koja podr\u017eava servere i omogu\u0107ava pristup podacima, velikim brzinama koriste\u0107i optiku. SAN mre\u017ee su skupe i kompleksne.<\/p><p><strong>PAN (Personal area network)<\/strong><\/p><p>Ra\u010dunarska mre\u017ea koja omogu\u0107ava povezivanja ure\u0111aja kao \u0161to su ra\u010dunar, printer, digitalni fotoaparat, pametni telefon ili neki drugi ure\u0111aj. Primjer PAN mre\u017ee se konekcija izme\u0111u ra\u010dunara i printera. Doseg mre\u017ee zavisi od raznih faktora kao \u0161to su vrsta kablova koja se koristi, domet be\u017ei\u010dnog signala i drugo. Primjer: Bluetooth, WiFi hotspot.<\/p><h1>Brzine ra\u010dunarskih mre\u017ea<\/h1><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edu.prodesign387.com\/mreze\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/01\/\/Annotation-2020-01-06-130422.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"986\" height=\"506\" \/><figcaption>www.speedtest.net \/ Test internet brzine<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>Brzina protoka podataka od ra\u010dunara A do ra\u010dunara B zavisi od tehnologija koje su kori\u0161tene kako bi bila uspostavljena komunikacija izme\u0111u ra\u010dunara.\u00a0<\/p><p><em>Kbps = kilobits per second<\/em><br \/><em>KB\/s = kilobytes per second<\/em><\/p><p>npr. 256 Kbps \/ <strong>8<\/strong> = 32 KB\/s <em>(max. teorijska brzina)<\/em><\/p><ul><li>Mbps vs MB\/s<\/li><li>Gbps vs GB\/s<\/li><\/ul><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edu.prodesign387.com\/mreze\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/01\/\/Annotation-2020-01-06-130541.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"594\" height=\"340\" \/><p>\u00a0<\/p><figcaption>Test brzine prilikom prebacivanje fajla sa ra\u010dunara na lokalni mre\u017eni server<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>U LAN mre\u017eama, razli\u010dite vrste kablova, pru\u017eaju i razli\u010dite brzine protoka podataka. \u0160to vi\u0161e para, to bolja oprema i br\u017ei transfer.<\/p><p><strong>Za\u0161to se koristi Mbps umjesto MB\/s kod ISP ?<\/strong><\/p><h1>Pouzdana ra\u010dunarska mre\u017ea<\/h1><p>Ra\u010dunarske mre\u017ee moraju podr\u017eavati veliki broj aplikacija i servisa, biti aktivne 24\/7 i omogu\u0107avati krajnjim korisnicima pristup kada god oni to \u017eele. Da bi jedna ra\u010dunarska mre\u017ea bila pouzdana potrebno je izvr\u0161iti detaljno planiranje prije njene implementacije.<\/p><ul><li>Tolerancija gre\u0161aka (Fault tolerance)<\/li><li>Skalabilnost (Scalability)<\/li><li>QoS (Quality of Service) &#8211; davanje prednosti u mre\u017enom saobra\u0107aju <em>VoIP usluzi, gamingu, administraciji.<\/em><\/li><li>Sigurnost (Security)<\/li><\/ul><h1>Pristup internetu u BiH<\/h1><ul><li>xDSL (BHTelecom, Logosoft)<\/li><li>3G, 4G (BHTelecom, MTEL, Eronet)<\/li><li>Kablovski internet (Telemach)<\/li><li>Opti\u010dki internet (Telemach, Logosoft, BHTelecom)<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Koja je prednost opti\u010dkog interneta nad ostalim ?<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Koje ostale usluge nude drugi operateri za pristup internetu ?<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u0160ta je to leased line (iznajmljena linija) ?<\/strong><\/p><h1><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Vje\u017eba #1<\/span><\/h1><p><b>ZADATAK 1<\/b><\/p><p>Prona\u0111ite koja je to najpopularnija P2P mre\u017ea i koja je njena najve\u0107a prednost ?<\/p><p><b>ZADATAK 2<\/b><br \/>Prona\u0111ite koji su to sve na\u010dini na koji mo\u017eemo koristiti 3G\/4G konekciju na na\u0161im ra\u010dunarima ili laptopima ?<\/p><p><em>Informacije snimite u va\u0161 folder u <strong>This PC -&gt; Kursisti -&gt; Mre\u017ee -&gt; Polaznici -&gt; VA\u0160E_IME_PREZIME<\/strong><\/em><\/p><h1><span style=\"color: #339966;\">Zada\u0107a #1<\/span><\/h1><p>1. Testirajte brzinu va\u0161e internet konekcije. Po\u0161aljite screenshot.<\/p><p>2. \u0160ta ozna\u010dava &#8220;ping&#8221; prilikom testiranje internet brzine.<\/p><p>3. Prona\u0107i tri alternativne stranice za testiranje brzine interneta.<\/p><p>4. Prona\u0107i prakti\u010dni video primjer kori\u0161tenja QoS (nemojte slati ono \u0161to ne razumijete).<\/p><p>Poslati zada\u0107u u slijede\u0107em formatu da stoji va\u0161e ime-prezime, na email (edis.aganovic@gmail.com) zipovane pod nazivom npr.<br \/><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em>mreze_imeprezime_zadaca01.zip<\/em><\/span><\/p><p>Zada\u0107e koje su poslate na neadekvatan na\u010din ne\u0107e biti prihva\u0107ene.<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>ROK ZA ZADA\u0106U #01 &#8211; 4.11.2023. do 23:30h.<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8211; Definicije<br \/>\n&#8211; Za\u0161to pravimo mre\u017ee?<br \/>\n&#8211; Fizi\u010dka i logi\u010dka topologija mre\u017ee<br \/>\n&#8211; Vrste i veli\u010dine ra\u010dunarskih mre\u017ea<br \/>\n&#8211; Brzine ra\u010dunarskih mre\u017ea<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1110,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-72","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edu.prodesign387.com\/mreze\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edu.prodesign387.com\/mreze\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edu.prodesign387.com\/mreze\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edu.prodesign387.com\/mreze\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edu.prodesign387.com\/mreze\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=72"}],"version-history":[{"count":46,"href":"https:\/\/edu.prodesign387.com\/mreze\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1367,"href":"https:\/\/edu.prodesign387.com\/mreze\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72\/revisions\/1367"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edu.prodesign387.com\/mreze\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1110"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edu.prodesign387.com\/mreze\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=72"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edu.prodesign387.com\/mreze\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=72"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edu.prodesign387.com\/mreze\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=72"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}